Minor Losses

Minor Loss — Pipe Exit

Head loss as water discharges from a pipe into a reservoir, where the entire velocity head is dissipated. K is always 1.0 regardless of exit geometry.

Formula
hL = V² / (2g)
Resultlive
Loss coefficient, K
1.00
Velocity head, V²/2g
0.11468m
Exit head loss, hL
0.11468m
Reference: Submerged-exit boundary condition: full velocity head is dissipated as turbulent kinetic energy in the reservoir.